Lee County grew more than any other county in the state in 2006-07 - a one-year period when Broward County lost more than 13,000 people.
Population increased 20,475 to 590,564 in Lee County, a 3.6 percent increase, according to the U.S. Census Bureau, with Broward seeing a decrease just under 1 percent.
Lee's growth topped Pasco, the next fastest-growing county, by more than 3,600. And Lee's trend also was opposite of two neighboring counties: Charlotte for the second year in a row saw a decrease in population of 233; Collier's population increased 2,672, less than 1 percent.
Overall, the state grew by 1.1 percent during this time, to 18,251,243 from 18,057,508.
But Lee's growth slowed from the boom during the time period of July 2005 to July 2006, when the county grew by 27,148, or 5 percent.
"The housing market may have something to do with it," said Scott Cody, a University of Florida demographer.
Real estate has plummeted in Southwest Florida, one of the reasons the Legislature was forced to cut $3 billion from the budget for the current year, which ends June 30.
Lee County Smart Growth Director Wayne Daltry said the population increase wasn't as high this time because the boom is over.
"But there are still a lot of people making their second homes down here their first homes,'' he said.
Lee grew while Broward, on the east coast, did not, Cody reasoned, possibly because people move to Lee from the Midwest and Northeast, while Broward's domestic migration source is mainly the Northeast.
Miami-Dade, Broward's southern neighbor and the state's largest county, grew by nearly 11,000, mostly because the county is gateway to the United States from Latin America.
"International migration is a big factor," Cody said, "so they're still getting fed."
More than 35,000 people from overseas moved to Miami-Dade in 2006-07. In Broward, it was nearly 14,000. In Lee, nearly 1,712 moved here from outside the country.
Collier County
"The economic downturn, that totally explains it," said David Weeks, Collier County planning manager, about the small growth rate.
"The economy has slowed down. There has been a loss of jobs here. People who would be moving here, who had some money in their pockets, have lost their jobs and aren't moving here," Weeks said.
Weeks said instead of census estimates, the county relies on annual population estimates from the University of Florida's Bureau of Economic and Business Research. Those estimates are made from home electrical hookups and certificates of occupancy issued for new homes in the county, Weeks said.
According to those figures, the county's population grew by 7,200 - from 326,658 April 1, 2006 to 333,858 on April 1, 2007, Weeks said.
Still, the population growth in the county is less than in previous years, Weeks said.
For example, from 2004-2005, the county's population grew by 11,602. The next year it increased 6,394.
"It doesn't surprise me," said Collier County Manager Jim Mudd when told of the Census data. "Unemployment is up in Collier County and Lee County, although it is up less in Collier County. Construction and new starts are down."
Many construction laborers, said Mudd, live paycheck to paycheck.
"When the paychecks dry up, they move and go where the new work is," Mudd said.